Refactoring and smells have been well researched by the software-engineering research
community these past decades. Several secondary studies have been published on code …

Code smells tend to compromise software quality and also demand more effort by
developers to maintain and evolve the application throughout its life-cycle. They have long …

Researchers have provided various techniques and tools in the past few years for
identification of code smells. Due to their changing outcomes and features, the classification …

Abstract Design Smells are indicators of situations that negatively affect software quality
attributes such as understandability, testability, extensibility, reusability, and maintainability …

Code smells indicate problems in design or code which makes software hard to change and
maintain. It has become a sign of software systems that cause complications in maintaining …

Class imbalance is a prevalent problem in machine learning which affects the prediction
performance of classification algorithms. Software Defect Prediction (SDP) is no exception to …

Background: Code smells are symptoms that something may be wrong in software systems
that can cause complications in maintaining software quality. In literature, there exist many …

The current era demands high quality software in a limited time period to achieve new goals
and heights. To meet user requirements, the source codes undergo frequent modifications …

Architecture Smells (ASs) are design decisions that can have significant negative effects on
a system's quality attributes such as reusability and testability. ASs are focused on higher …

Code smells violate software development principles that make the software more prone to
errors and changes. Researchers have developed code smell detectors using manual and …