We predict sovereign ratings for developing countries that do not have risk ratings from
agencies such as Fitch, Moody's, and Standard and Poor's. Ratings are important in …

Post debt relief, the number of African countries considering accessing international capital
markets, often to fund large infrastructure projects, is increasing. Potential risks of capital …

We use sovereign debt rating estimations from Afonso, Gomes and Rother [2009, 2011] for
Fitch, Moody's, and Standard & Poor's, to assess to what extent the recent fiscal imbalances …

This paper analyzes the evolution of sovereign credit ratings in the wake of the global
financial crisis by studying changes in actual, shadow, and relative ratings between 2008 …

Este trabalho busca identificar as mudanças na clivagem Centro-Periferia em decorrência
das transformações ocorridas no capitalismo desde a década de 1970, a partir de uma …

It is estimated that Africa needs $93 billion annually until 2020 in order to bridge its
infrastructure deficit. It is through significant investment in infrastructure development that …

Using monthly data from January 1996 to May 2010 for a panel of 76 developed and
emerging economies and adopting an instrumental variable (IV) estimation technique by …

Although the link between financial development and trade is well documented, the
international trade literature has typically defined a country's 'financial development'in …

Remittance flows are an important source of financing for developing countries. In addition
to the microeconomic impact at the household level, remittances have grown into an …

Defined as an opinion by the rating agencies on the ability and willingness of a sovereign
government to meet financial commitments in full and at an agreed time, a number of studies …