Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

Among the myriad of intracellular signaling networks that govern the cardiac development
and pathogenesis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are prominent players that …

The mammalian heart is a dynamic organ that can grow and change to accommodate
alterations in its workload. During development and in response to physiological stimuli or …

▪ Abstract Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic
stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually …

Recent studies call into question the necessity of hypertrophic growth of the heart as a
“compensatory” response to hemodynamic stress. These findings, coupled with recent …

Cardiac remodelling is classified as physiological (in response to growth, exercise and
pregnancy) or pathological (in response to inflammation, ischaemia, ischaemia/reperfusion …

Members of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade such as extracellular
signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 are implicated as …

Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes are developmental disorders with overlapping features,
including cardiac abnormalities, short stature and facial dysmorphia. Increased RAS …

Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality in the United States. As a result of advances in
genetic technology, a molecular basis of heart failure is emerging. 1, 2 This review highlights …

Intracellular MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling cascades probably play an
important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular disease. A substantial amount of …