Human activities have caused global temperatures to increase by 1.25° C, and the current
emissions trajectory suggests that we will exceed 1.5° C in less than 10 years. Though the …

Recent global temperature reconstructions for the current interglacial period (the Holocene,
beginning 11,700 years ago) have generated contrasting trends. This Review examines …

In recent decades, the warming in the Arctic has been much faster than in the rest of the
world, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. Numerous studies report that the Arctic …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
have made significant contributions to global warming since the pre-industrial period and …

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of
scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations …

In late June 2021 a heatwave of unprecedented magnitude impacted the Pacific Northwest
region of Canada and the United States. Many locations broke all-time maximum …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their
redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate …