Neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating diseases of the brain, characterized by
behavioral, motor and cognitive impairments. Ample evidence underpins mitochondrial …

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology and pathobiology of various
neurodegenerative diseases. At baseline, the cells of the nervous system have the capability …

Biomarkers are urgently needed for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in
Parkinson's disease. Both DJ-1 and α-synuclein, two proteins critically involved in …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the major health threats to human
characterized by selective and progressive neuronal loss. The mechanisms of NDs are still …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and has
profound impacts on the daily lives of patients. However, there is a lack of effective …

Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune
surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain …

Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function. They produce ATP to meet energy
demands, regulate homeostasis of ion levels such as calcium and regulate reactive oxygen …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with the
degeneration of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common age‑related neurodegenerative
diseases, which results from a number of environmental and inherited factors. PD is …

Oxidative stress is believed to be a significant cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). DJ-1 is
thought to be an oxidative sensor that protects cells from oxidative insult. It was reported that …