Heat stress adversely affects intestinal barrier integrity ranging from minor enterocyte injury
to fatal inflammatory heat shocks. The current review discusses the physiological …

Acute phase proteins (APP) are plasma proteins that can modify their expression in
response to inflammation caused by tissue injury, infections, immunological disorders or …

Wildlife pathogens can alter host fitness. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV)
infection is thought to have negligible impacts on wild birds; however, effects of infection in …

Acute-phase proteins (APP) are secreted from the liver as a result of inflammation or
infection and are measurable in serum and plasma. To determine whether the constitutive …

The aim of the study was to determine how inorganic and organic forms of zinc affect the
concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid …

The term “pattern recognition receptor”(PRR) describes a diverse set of receptors that
recognize and differentiate between incoming microbial challenges and damage to self …

This review summarises the results of a variety of acute-phase protein (APP) studies in
chickens. Inflammation or infection can cause the liver to secrete APPs that can be …

Besides cellular components, as discussed earlier in this chapter, the innate immune system
has a large arsenal of soluble components that are used to prevent or reduce infections …

Chicken coccidiosis is an inflammatory disease caused by the apicomplexan protozoal
parasite Eimeria. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines activate hepatocyte receptors …

An adult herring gull (Larus argentatus) found lethargic and moribund showed an open
fracture of the right radius and ulna with necrosis of the surrounding tissue. Hematologic …