The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the
gut and brain. It involves neural, immune, and endocrine communication pathways between …

Background The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of
Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been investigated in several epidemiological studies …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia for which no
effective medicine exists. Currently, the goal of therapy is only to slow down the inevitable …

Background Several studies investigated the risks of neurological conditions in patients with
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with some variability in findings. We aimed to perform a …

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a complex, chronic inflammatory condition affecting the
gastrointestinal tract. IBD has been associated with a variety of neurologic manifestations …

Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes mellitus (DM), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic conditions affecting millions globally. Despite differing …

Large preclinical evidence suggested that colitis was one of the risk factors for depression
and probiotics were effective therapeutic agents to prevent the disease. The effect of …

Neurodegenerative disease (ND) incidence has recently increased due to improved life
expectancy. Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent NDs. Both …

The gastrointestinal (GI) system is affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it is
currently unknown whether GI alterations arise as a consequence of central nervous system …

Background Chronic systemic inflammation may be associated with neurocognitive decline,
but the relationships between inflammatory bowel disease and related medications and the …