Alzheimer's disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed cases of senile dementia in the
world. It is an incurable process, most often leading to death. This disease is multifactorial …

Cytokines produced by T helper cells (T h cells) have essential roles in the body's defense
against viruses. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are essential for the host defense toward …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are standard-of-care for the treatment of advanced melanoma,
but their use is limited by immune-related adverse events. Proteomic analyses and multiplex …

Immune checkpoint blockade is therapeutically successful for many patients across multiple
cancer types. However, immune-related adverse events (irAE) frequently occur and can …

Inflammasomes are cytosolic polyprotein complexes formed in response to various external
and internal stimuli, including viral and bacterial antigens. The main product of the …

Tuberculosis (TB) has remained an unsolved problem and a major public health issue,
particularly in developing countries. Pakistan is one of the countries with the highest …

Aim Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that destroys both soft and hard periodontal
tissues. However, a complex periodontal cytokine network remains unclear. This systematic …

Background: To analyze the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with the …

An intact barrier function of the skin is important in maintaining skin health. The regulation of
the skin barrier depends on a multitude of molecular and immunological signaling pathways …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads …