Evaluating the effects of using new water sources on the mechanical properties of concrete
is an important issue that should be considered in practical projects such as dam …

Railway sleepers are an important component of track systems, which can be manufactured
by timber, concrete, steel and any other engineered materials. They serve as rail supports …

Repairing structures damaged by fatigue through the use of composite patch bonding is an
efficient and economical process to preserve structures and increase their lifespan. Much …

Crack detection and classification are critical tasks in inspecting civil engineering structures.
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a subset of deep learning (DL), exhibit extraordinary …