Multi-story apartment buildings, also known as multi-family or multi-unit residential buildings,
represent the largest share of newly constructed, residential floor area in Norway, Sweden …

The aim of the renovation of apartment buildings is to lower the energy consumption of those
buildings, mainly the heating energy consumption. There are few analyses regarding those …

Sustainable design, which aims to reduce energy consumption and mitigate climate change,
is a primary concern of developing countries. Hence, it reduces CO2 emissions. Residential …

This study applied the normalisation method that enabled to compare the energy
performance of buildings from European and Japanese climates. A reference office building …

Currently, about 35% of buildings in Europe are over fifty years old, and are responsible for
40% of energy consumption (EPBD recast, 2010) and 36% of CO2 emissions in the EU. In …

The main purpose of this study was to develop building usage profiles for usages such as
domestic hot water (DHW), occupancy, lighting, and appliances to support the knowledge …

To meet the aims of the Paris climate agreement, it is necessary to reduce energy use in
buildings. Efficient HVAC systems are a critical part in achieving a low delivered energy use …

As buildings consume about 40% of final energy in Europe it is seen as a most promising
field for savings. EU has come up with Clean Energy Package in 2017, part of which is …