The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are core steps of
various energy conversion and storage systems. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics …

Natural photosynthesis is an efficient biochemical process which converts solar energy into
energy-rich carbohydrates. By understanding the key photoelectrochemical processes and …

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of distinctive porous crystalline materials
constructed by metal ions/clusters and organic linkers. Owing to their structural diversity …

The multi-redox mechanism involving multi-sites has great implications to dictate the
catalytic water oxidation. Understanding the sequential dynamics of multi-steps in oxygen …

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a cornerstone reaction for a variety of electrochemical
energy conversion and storage systems such as water splitting, CO2/N2 reduction …

Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP).
However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years …

Water oxidation is a key chemical transformation for the conversion of solar energy into
chemical fuels. Our review focuses on recent work on robust earth-abundant heterogeneous …

Water oxidation is the primary reaction of both natural and artificial photosynthesis.
Developing active and robust water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is the key to constructing …

The four-electron oxidation of water (2H2O→ O2+ 4H++ 4e−) is considered the main
bottleneck in artificial photosynthesis. In nature, this reaction is catalysed by a Mn4CaO5 …

Abstract Development of single-site catalysts supported by ultrathin two-dimensional (2D)
porous matrix with ultrahigh surface area is highly desired but also challenging. Here we …