Exosomes are small vesicles (30–150 nm in diameter) enclosed by a lipid membrane
bilayer, secreted by most cells in the body. They carry various molecules, including proteins …

Atherosclerosis and its attendant clinical complications, such as myocardial infarction,
stroke, and peripheral artery disease, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in …

The vascular endothelium is an interface between the blood stream and the vessel wall.
Changes in this single cell layer of the artery wall are believed of primary importance in the …

Recent research has demonstrated that the non-coding genome plays a key role in genetic
programming and gene regulation during development as well as in health and …

Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are in the spotlight as post-transcriptional regulators of
gene expression. More than 1,000 miRNAs are encoded in the human genome. In this …

Pathological vascular wall remodeling refers to the structural and functional changes of the
vessel wall that occur in response to injury that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease …

In its early stages, symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are usually not apparent.
Significant reduction of the kidney function is the first obvious sign of disease. If diagnosed …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, RNA molecules approximately 22 nucleotides
in length which act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Individual miRNAs …

Atherosclerosis underlies the predominant number of cardiovascular diseases and remains
a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development, progression and …

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death in both developing
and developed countries worldwide. Even though there have been improvements in primary …