Buoyant plumes form when glacial ice melts directly into the ocean or when subglacial
meltwater is discharged to the ocean at depth. They play a key role in regulating heat …

The retreat and acceleration of Greenland glaciers since the mid-1990s have been
attributed to the enhanced intrusion of warm Atlantic Waters (AW) into fjords, but this …

Rapid ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet since 1992 is due in equal parts to increased
surface melting and accelerated ice flow. The latter is conventionally attributed to ocean …

In combination, the breakaway of icebergs (calving) and submarine melting at marine-
terminating glaciers account for between one third and one half of the mass annually …

Warming of the ocean waters surrounding Greenland plays a major role in driving glacier
retreat and the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. The melt rate at the junction of the …

Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has increased over the last two decades in
response to changes in global climate, motivating the scientific community to question how …

Ice loss from the world's glaciers and ice sheets contributes to sea level rise, influences
ocean circulation, and affects ecosystem productivity. Ongoing changes in glaciers and ice …

Recent acceleration of Greenland's ocean‐terminating glaciers has substantially amplified
the ice sheet's contribution to global sea level. Increased oceanic melting of these tidewater …

The role of icebergs in narrow fjords hosting marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland is
poorly understood, even though iceberg melt results in a substantial freshwater flux that can …

At tidewater glaciers, plume dynamics affect submarine melting, fjord circulation, and the
mixing of meltwater. Models often rely on buoyant plume theory to parameterize plumes and …