Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning
the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating age-related neurodegenerative disorder with an
alarming increasing prevalence. Except for the recently FDA-approved Aducanumab of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most complex and selective barriers in the
human organism. Its role is to protect the brain and preserve the homeostasis of the central …

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and brain injuries devastate patients and
their families, but currently no drugs on the market promote neurological recovery. Limited …

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as
proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They …

The glymphatic system is a fluid-transport system that accesses all regions of the brain. It
facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid and clears waste from the …

Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with increased
blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Obesity is now a worldwide health issue. Far from being limited to weight gain, obesity is
generally associated with low-grade inflammation and with a cluster of disorders collectively …

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common disorder following surgery, which
seriously threatens the quality of patients' life, especially the older people. Accumulating …

Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the
extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane …