Uncertainty has long been of interest to economists and psychologists and has more
recently gained attention among ecologists. In the ecological world, animals must regularly …

In response to uncertain risks, prey may rely on neophobic phenotypes to reduce the costs
associated with the lack of information regarding local conditions. Neophobia has been …

Many prey species rely on publicly available personal and social information regarding local
predation threats to assess risks and make context-appropriate behavioral decisions …

Prey incorporate information about risk, safety, and the reliability of both of these cues when
assessing risk of predation. Here, we report results of an experiment testing avoidance of …

Intraspecific sex differences in morphology, physiology, and behavior are widespread
among taxa. However, despite their fundamental importance, they have been relatively …

Due to its unforgiving nature, predation pressure exerts strong selection pressure on the
behaviour of prey animals. As a result, prey are forced to balance the conflicting demands of …

Prey animals are often faced with uncertainty due to having imperfect information regarding
current local conditions, including predation risks and the availability of reliable foraging …

Social learning is widespread among vertebrates and perhaps even invertebrates. It
provides a method to discover new information or adopt novel behaviour patterns rapidly …

Social learning, where animals learn from other individuals, occurs in many diverse species.
The influential but debated 'costly information'hypothesis posits that animals will rely more …

Highlights•We measured problem-solving ability in wild raccoons using food-extraction
tasks.•Performance greatly differed between tasks, but exposure to humans had no …