3D printing technologies enable medicine customization adapted to patients' needs. There
are several 3D printing techniques available, but majority of dosage forms and medical …

The liquid biopsy includes the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters
in blood, as well as the detection of, cell-free DNA (cfDNA)/circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) …

Organoids and cells in organ‐on‐chip platforms replicate higher‐level anatomical,
physiological, or pathological states of tissues and organs. These technologies are widely …

Kidney organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have proven
valuable for studies of kidney development, disease, and therapeutic screening. However …

Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models
that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and …

Microphysiological systems (MPSs), also known as organ chips, are micro‐units that
integrate cells with diverse physical and biochemical environmental cues. In the field of liver …

Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) technology, which emulates the physiological environment and
functionality of human organs on a microfluidic chip, is undergoing significant technological …

Organoid technology is rapidly gaining ground for studies on organ (patho) physiology.
Tubuloids are long-term expanding organoids grown from adult kidney tissue or urine. The …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as part of the cellular secretome, have emerged as essential
cell–cell communication regulators in multiple physiological and pathological processes …

In drug development, conventional preclinical and clinical testing stages rely on cell cultures
and animal experiments, but these methods may fall short of fully representing human …