During tumorigenesis and progression, the immune checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1)
and its ligand programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) play critical roles in suppressing T cell …

High-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare disease entity and account for
approximately 10% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms. Because of their rarity, there is an …

Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of oncological patients, but its application
in various endocrine tumours is rather limited and is mainly used when conventional …

The prognosis of patients with advanced high-grade (G3) digestive neuroendocrine
neoplasms (NENs) is rather poor. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibition to platinum …

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived
from neural crest cells from adrenal medullary chromaffin tissues or extra-adrenal …

Simple Summary The development of new treatments for patients with neuroendocrine
neoplasms (NENs) is imperative. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy in various neoplasms …

Gastroentero-pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a diverse group of
rare tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas …

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant
tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system. Gastroenteropancreatic …

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the lung are a slowly growing subtype of lung cancer that
has a different treatment paradigm than aggressive and more common forms of lung …

The classification and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arising in the
tubular gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas have significantly evolved over the last …