In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman identified 2 functionally distinct subsets of activated CD4 T
cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, being key in distinct T cell mediated responses. Over the past three …

The classical vision of type 2 immune reactions is that they are characterized by a distinct
cellular and cytokine repertoire that is critical for host resistance against helminthic worm …

The effects exerted on the in vitro development of antigen-specific T cell lines and T cell
clones by addition or neutralization of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in lymphocyte bulk culture were …

A large body of evidence indicates the existence of functionally polarized CD4+ T‐cell
responses based on their profile of cytokine secretion. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells produce …

A large body of evidence suggests the existence of polarized human T cell responses,
reminiscent of Th1 and Th2 subsets described for mouse T cells. Human Th1-like cells …

In the mid-1980s, Mosmann, Coffman, and their colleagues discovered that murine CD4+
helper T-cell clones could be distinguished by the cytokines they synthesized. The isolation …

In parallel with changes in lifestyle over the last 50 years (sedentary living in warm houses
with extensive furnishing and low ventilation rates), there has been a progressive increase …

Naive Th cells can be directed in vitro to develop into Th1 or Th2 cells by IL-12 or IL-4,
respectively. In vivo, chronic immune reactions lead to polarized Th cytokine patterns. We …

Naive CD4+ T cells can differentiate into cells predominantly involved in humoral immunity,
known as T helper type 2 cells (Th2), or cells involved in cell-mediated immunity, known as …

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease involving diverse cells and mediators
whose interconnectivity and relationships to asthma severity are unclear. Objective We …