Co-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more
different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more …

SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

6 Nakanwagi-Mukwaya A, Reid AJ, Fujiwara PI, et al. Characteristics and treatment
outcomes of tuberculosis retreatment cases in three regional hospitals, Uganda. Public …

This report updates and combines earlier versions of guidelines for the prevention and
treatment of opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV-infected adults (ie, persons aged> 18 years) …

More than 42 million people worldwide are now infected with HIV, in spite of sustained
prevention activities. Although the spread of HIV has been primarily sexual, epidemiological …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have become
intertwined over the past few decades in a “syndemic” that exacerbates the morbidity and …

The life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is intricately related to the
activation state of the host cells supporting viral replication. Although cellular activation is …

Background Raised HIV viral load in blood has been associated with accelerated disease
progression and increased transmission of infection. To assess the effect of Plasmodium …

Despite the significant progress that has been made to eliminate vertical HIV infection, more
than 150,000 children were infected with HIV in 2019, emphasizing the continued need for …

Co-infections contribute to HIV-related pathogenesis and often increase viral load in HIV-
infected people. We did a systematic review to assess the effect of treating key co-infections …