Modulation of striatal projection systems by dopamine
CR Gerfen, DJ Surmeier - Annual review of neuroscience, 2011 - annualreviews.org
The basal ganglia are a chain of subcortical nuclei that facilitate action selection. Two striatal
projection systems—so-called direct and indirect pathways—form the functional backbone of …
projection systems—so-called direct and indirect pathways—form the functional backbone of …
Functional significance of the cortico–subthalamo–pallidal 'hyperdirect'pathway
A Nambu, H Tokuno, M Takada - Neuroscience research, 2002 - Elsevier
How the motor-related cortical areas modulate the activity of the output nuclei of the basal
ganglia is an important issue for understanding the mechanisms of motor control by the …
ganglia is an important issue for understanding the mechanisms of motor control by the …
The basal ganglia control the detailed kinematics of learned motor skills
The basal ganglia are known to influence action selection and modulation of movement
vigor, but whether and how they contribute to specifying the kinematics of learned motor …
vigor, but whether and how they contribute to specifying the kinematics of learned motor …
The indirect pathway of the basal ganglia promotes transient punishment but not motor suppression
Optogenetic stimulation of Adora2a receptor-expressing spiny projection neurons (A2A-
SPNs) in the striatum drives locomotor suppression and transient punishment, results …
SPNs) in the striatum drives locomotor suppression and transient punishment, results …
The basal ganglia and chunking of action repertoires
AM Graybiel - Neurobiology of learning and memory, 1998 - Elsevier
The basal ganglia have been shown to contribute to habit and stimulus–response (S–R)
learning. These forms of learning have the property of slow acquisition and, in humans, can …
learning. These forms of learning have the property of slow acquisition and, in humans, can …
Microcircuitry of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia.
Our understanding of the organization of the basal ganglia has advanced markedly over the
last 10 years, mainly due to increased knowledge of their anatomical, neurochemical and …
last 10 years, mainly due to increased knowledge of their anatomical, neurochemical and …
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a vigorous tutor
RS Turner, M Desmurget - Current opinion in neurobiology, 2010 - Elsevier
The roles of the basal ganglia (BG) in motor control are much debated. Many influential
hypotheses have grown from studies in which output signals of the BG were not blocked, but …
hypotheses have grown from studies in which output signals of the BG were not blocked, but …
Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching
DW Moran, AB Schwartz - Journal of neurophysiology, 1999 - journals.physiology.org
The motor cortical substrate associated with reaching was studied as monkeys moved their
hands from a central position to one of eight targets spaced around a circle. Single-cell …
hands from a central position to one of eight targets spaced around a circle. Single-cell …
The basal ganglia do not select reach targets but control the urgency of commitment
Prominent theories of decision making suggest that the basal ganglia (BG) play a causal
role in deliberation between action choices. An alternative hypothesis is that deliberation …
role in deliberation between action choices. An alternative hypothesis is that deliberation …
Excitatory cortical inputs to pallidal neurons via the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey
A Nambu, H Tokuno, I Hamada, H Kita… - Journal of …, 2000 - journals.physiology.org
How the motor-related cortical areas modulate the activity of the output nuclei of the basal
ganglia is an important issue for understanding the mechanisms of motor control by the …
ganglia is an important issue for understanding the mechanisms of motor control by the …