Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders
characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behaviors. Despite intensive research, its …

Although the role of gut microbiota (GMB)-derived metabolites in mitochondrial and
endolysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) under metabolic syndrome remains …

Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota as a critical mediator of gut-brain axis
plays an important role in human health. Altered gut microbial profiles have been implicated …

Stickland amino acid fermentations occur primarily among species of Clostridia. An ancient
form of metabolism, Stickland fermentations use amino acids as electron acceptors in the …

Despite intensive research into the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD),
limited progress has been achieved so far. Among the plethora of models seeking to clarify …

Specific families of bacteria present within the intestinal luminal content produce p-cresol
from l-tyrosine. Although the hosts do not synthesize p-cresol, they can metabolize this …

Various ASD risk alleles have been associated with impairment of NMDA receptor activation
(ie, NMDA Receptor Hypofunction) and/or disturbance of the careful balance between …

The D-enantiomers of L-amino acids are non-proteinogenic but widely present in foods. This
is due to spontaneous racemization or processing, such as heating or alkali treatment …

p-Cresol, an environmental contaminant and endogenous metabolite derived primarily from
the conversion of l-tyrosine by intestinal microflora, is gaining increasing attention, due to its …

Increased p-cresol levels reportedly alter brain dopamine metabolism and exacerbate
neurological disorders in experimental animals. In contrast to toxic concentrations, low …