Far from the thermodynamic equilibrium, many precipitation reactions create complex
product structures with fascinating features caused by their unusual origins. Unlike the …

Pattern formation is a frequent phenomenon in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials
science. Bottom-up pattern formation usually occurs in the interaction of the transport …

Molecules have limited mobility in the solid state because of the strong intermolecular
interactions, and therefore, applications based on solid-state molecular motions are seldom …

When components of a metal–organic framework (MOF) and a crystal growth modulator
diffuse through a gel medium, they can form arrays of regularly‐spaced precipitation bands …

The patterns formed in natural biochemical and geochemical media are never spatially or
geometrically homogeneous. On the other hand, the artificial systems trying to mimic nature …

Material design using nonequilibrium systems provides straightforward access to complexity
levels that are possible through dynamic processes. Pattern formation through …

In nature, nonequilibrium systems reflect environmental changes, and these changes are
often “recorded” in their solid body as they develop. Periodic precipitation patterns, aka …

Numerous self-organized spatiotemporal patterns are seen in Nature, many of which are
controlled via minute balances between the reactions and diffusion of the constituents in …

The Liesegang phenomenon is a spontaneous pattern formation, which is a periodic
distribution of the precipitate discovered in diffusion-limited systems. Over the past century, it …

This study investigates the impact of a cationic polymer, polyethylenimine, on calcium
phosphate mineralization within a gelatin hydrogel, aiming to enhance biomaterial design …