Bilevel optimization problems are hierarchical optimization problems where the feasible
region of the so-called upper level problem is restricted by the graph of the solution set …

Bilevel optimization are often addressed in an organizational hierarchy in which the upper
level decision maker is the leader and the lower level decision maker is the follower. The …

Bilevel optimization problems are hierarchical optimization problems where the feasible
region of the so-called upper level problem is restricted by the graph of the solution set …

Multilevel (including bi-level and tri-level) programming aims to solve decentralized decision-
making problems that feature interactive decision entities distributed throughout a …

Transitioning to low-carbon, low-cost energy systems is a major challenge. Carbon tax
revenue recycling, which imposes a carbon price and then returns the revenue to emitters to …

Multilevel programming problems model a decision-making process with a hierarchy
structure. Traditional solution methods including vertex enumeration algorithms and penalty …

The complex nature of the realistic decision-making process requires the use of
Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) sets which have been shown to be a highly promising tool capable …

Pessimistic bilevel optimization represents an attractive tool to model risk-averse hierarchy
problems, and would provide strong ability of analysis for the risk-averse leader. The goal of …

In this paper, we propose two bilevel models to cope with problems concerning waste
management. The first formulation stems from a multi-objective version of the problem …

In the weighted flow-time problem on a single machine, we are given a set of n jobs, where
each job has a processing requirement p_j, release date r_j, and weight w_j. The goal is to …