In Alzheimer's disease (AD), early synaptic dysfunction is associated with the increased
oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide, which causes NMDAR-dependent synaptic depression …

The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the
causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that …

Brain tissue has a remarkable ability to accumulate glutamate. This ability is due to
glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of both glial cells and …

Diffusion in the extracellular space (ECS) of the brain is constrained by the volume fraction
and the tortuosity and a modified diffusion equation represents the transport behavior of …

The brain and the immune system are the two major adaptive systems of the body. During
an immune response the brain and the immune system “talk to each other” and this process …

Neuroscience produces a vast amount of data from an enormous diversity of neurons. A
neuronal classification system is essential to organize such data and the knowledge that is …

Freund, Tamás F., István Katona, and Daniele Piomelli. Role of Endogenous Cannabinoids
in Synaptic Signaling. Physiol Rev 83: 1017–1066, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00004.2003 …

Subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are constructed from
numerous subunit combinations that compose channel-receptor complexes with varied …

The establishment of ordered neuronal connections is supposed to take place under the
control of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAM) which guide neuroblasts and axons to …

Extracellular concentrations of the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, and
related excitatory amino acids are maintained at relatively low levels to ensure an …