Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in various industrial and commercial
products to retard oxidative reactions and lengthen product shelf life. In recent years …

Aqueous film-forming foam, used in firefighting, and biowastes, including biosolids, animal
and poultry manures, and composts, provide a major source of poly-and perfluoroalkyl …

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste
water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial …

The production of sewage sludge is increasing in China but with unsafe disposal practices,
causing potential risk to human health and the environment. Using literature from the past 30 …

Environmental context Polyfluorinated substances are anthropogenic chemicals that have
been widely used in several industrial and commercial applications. Analysis of human …

Microbial transformation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) into perfluorocarboxylic
acids (PFCAs) has recently been confirmed to occur in activated sludge and soil. However …

Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) are emerging substitutes for legacy per-and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are widely applied in consumer products and …

Land application of treated sewage sludge (also known as biosolids) is considered a
sustainable route of disposal because it reduces waste loading into landfills while improving …

Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs) are sub-groups of per-
and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that have been commercialized since the 1970s …

The production and widespread use of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has led to
their presence in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Particularly, the perfluoroalkyl …