Antibiotic-mediated perturbation of the gut microbiome is associated with numerous
infectious and autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yet, as the gut microbiome …

Infection of the colon with the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium difficile is potentially life
threatening, especially in elderly people and in patients who have dysbiosis of the gut …

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of intestinal infection and diarrhoea in individuals
following antibiotic treatment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that …

Clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-
associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. The incidence, severity …

Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated
diarrhea, and is responsible for a spectrum of diseases characterized by high levels of …

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, toxin-producing anaerobe, and an
important nosocomial pathogen. Due to the strictly anaerobic nature of the vegetative form …

Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are a family of bacterial exotoxins that infiltrate and destroy
target cells. Members of the LCT family include Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB …

Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection is a substantial health and
economic burden worldwide. Great strides have been made over the past several years in …

The pathogenic clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, which typically arise as
a consequence of the production of potent exotoxins. Among the enterotoxic clostridia …

Strains of Clostridioides difficile cause detrimental diarrheas with thousands of deaths
worldwide. The infection process by the Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic gut bacterium is …