Currently, approaches to pain control in horses are a mixture of art and science. Recognition
of overt pain behaviours, such as rolling, kicking at the abdomen, flank watching, lameness …

Colic is the most common emergency in equine practice with approximately 4 out of every
100 horses having an episode of colic each year. 1 Of the horses that are evaluated by a …

Reasons for performing study Bronchospasm results in airway obstruction in horses with
heaves. Atropine is the most potent bronchodilator drug currently available for horses, but is …

Background Salbutamol and hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) are commonly used
bronchodilators in horses with severe asthma (SA). Objective To compare the …

Background Echocardiographic measurements are important prognostic indicators but might
be influenced by heart rate and blood pressure. This is particularly important when …

Horses commonly receive hyoscine butylbromide (HB) prior to hospital admission for colic.
This could alter the appearance of the small intestine (SI) on ultrasound scan and affect …

Serial monitoring of patients with colic is a critical piece for an early identification of
developing problems. Palpation per rectum, transabdominal sonography, and a wide variety …

Diseases causing colic are predominately managed by medical treatment. Analgesia is
essential to manage and resolve the intestinal dysfunction. Decompression is necessary in …

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs for
treatment of mild to moderate pain, inflammation, and pyrexia in adult horses. Use in foals is …

We investigated the effects of nonselective muscarinic antagonist (atropine) and of selective
muscarinic subtype 1 (M 1), 2 (M 2), 3 (M 3) antagonists (VU0255035, methoctramine …