The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

Compelling evidence exists for pervasive sex differences in pathological conditions,
including anxiety and depressive disorders, with females more than twice as likely to be …

Animals respond to stress by activating a wide array of behavioral and physiological
responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. Corticotropin-releasing …

Anxiety is a psychological, physiological, and behavioral state induced in animals and
humans by a threat to well-being or survival, either actual or potential. It is characterized by …

Signs and symptoms that are characteristic for depression include changes in the setpoint of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, which in the majority of these …

Stress precipitates depression and alters its natural history. Major depression and the stress
response share similar phenomena, mediators and circuitries. Thus, many of the features of …

Chronic pain patients exhibit increased anxiety, depression, and deficits in learning and
memory. Yet how persistent pain affects the key brain area regulating these behaviors, the …

Since corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was first characterized, a growing family of ligands
and receptors has evolved. The mammalian family members include CRF, urocortinI (UcnI) …

Psychiatry has proven to be among the least penetrable clinical disciplines for the
development of satisfactory in vivo model systems for evaluating novel treatment …

Dysregulation of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)–urocortin (UCN) system has been
implicated in stress-related psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. It has been …