Glucosinolates are secondary defense metabolites produced by plants of the order
Brassicales, which includes the model species Arabidopsis and many crop species. In the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have been validated playing critical
roles in diverse aspects of plant biology, from growth and developmental regulation, biotic …

Aluminum (Al) toxicity can seriously restrict crop production on acidic soils, which comprise
40% of the world's potentially arable land. The zinc finger transcription factor STOP1 has a …

Ripening of fleshy fruits involves both diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) and
dynamic transcriptional reprogramming, but the interconnection between PTMs, such as …

Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinases 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) are activated
transiently during pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and …

The nuclear pore complex (NPC), the sole exchange channel between the nucleus and
cytoplasm, is composed of several subcomplexes, among which the central barrier …

Heat shock factors regulate responses to high temperature, salinity, water deprivation, or
heavy metals. Their function in combinations of stresses is, however, not known. Arabidopsis …

Low temperature causes poor coloration of strawberry (Fragaria sp.) fruits, thus greatly
reducing their commercial value. Strawberry fruits accumulate anthocyanins during ripening …

Arsenic (As) is a global carcinogenic contaminant, and is one of the significant
environmental constraints that limits the development and yield of crop plants. It is always …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential element for the growth and development and
provides rigidity to plant cells in calcium pectate form, and also involved in microtubule …