The first generation of stars, often called Population III (or Pop III), form from metal-free
primordial gas at redshifts z∼ 30 and below. They dominate the cosmic star-formation …

The existence of∼ 109M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years
of the Universe has stimulated numerous ideas for the prompt formation and rapid growth of …

The formation of the first galaxies during cosmic dawn and reionization (at redshifts z= 5–
30), triggered the last major phase transition of our universe, as hydrogen evolved from cold …

We perform a large set of radiation hydrodynamic simulations of primordial star formation in
a fully cosmological context. Our statistical sample of 100 First Stars shows that the first …

We perform a large set of cosmological simulations of early structure formation and follow
the formation and evolution of 1540 star-forming gas clouds to derive the mass distribution of …

Starlight from galaxies plays a pivotal role throughout the process of cosmic reionization. We
present the statistics of dwarf galaxy properties at z> 7 in haloes with masses up to 109 M⊙ …

The origin of the supermassive black holes that inhabit the centres of massive galaxies
remains unclear,. Direct-collapse black holes—remnants of supermassive stars, with …

We perform cosmological hydrodynamics simulations with non-equilibrium primordial
chemistry to obtain 59 minihalos that host first stars. The obtained minihalos are used as the …

By definition, Population III stars are metal-free, and their protostellar collapse is driven by
molecular hydrogen cooling in the gas phase, leading to large characteristic masses …

We review the current theory of how galaxies form within the cosmological framework
provided by the cold dark matter paradigm for structure formation. Beginning with the pre …