Various micro-scale models for comparing alternative design concepts have been
developed in recent decades. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of current …

Patterns of future climate and expected extreme conditions are pushing design limits as
recognition of climate change and its implication for the built environment increases. There …

Multilevel modeling and simulation is a general technique that has many applications in
such diverse fields as chemistry, biology, engineering, social sciences and economics …

At present, more than 55% of the world's population lives in cities, and this is expected to
rise to 68% by 2050, with nearly 90% of the increase in the urban population occurring in …

Despite a great deal of attention paid to smart cities, the conceptual framework for
understanding them has been partial at best. This chapter establishes a holistic framework …

The effect of PCM on the thermal and energy performance of the building located in six cities
of the subtropical climate zone under the present climate conditions was evaluated …

Urban structure is an important factor that shapes the process of urban ventilation and
pollution dispersion. With proper planning of the urban spatial layout, city breathability can …

Weather is essential for building energy simulation and energy efficient retrofitting since
building energy use is highly weather-dependent. Weather data provided by EnergyPlus …

Building more energy-efficient and sustainable urban areas that will both mitigate the effects
of climate change and anticipate living conditions in future climate scenarios requires the …

Multi-dimensional representation of urban settings has received a great deal of attention
among urban planners, policy makers, and urban scholars. This is due to the fact that cities …