The issue positions of political actors are often ambiguous, resulting in uncertainty on the
part of voters. Such ambiguity constitutes a challenge to representation, as it prevents voters …

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in elections, and candidates and parties often intentionally create
uncertainty to benefit themselves. However, there is no consensus in existing research on …

Populist actors who conduct democratic backsliding incrementally eat away at institutional
checks on power. Whilst they largely focus on domestic institutions, European Union (EU) …

Past research has long documented that voters dislike parties and leaders who reverse their
policy positions. But would they tolerate (principled) policy U‐turns if they are motivated by …

Election debates are key campaign events that allow citizens to compare politicians' issue
positions side-by-side. While debate moderators try to keep candidates on-topic to contrast …

Political parties commonly experience internal disagreements. Recently, evidence is
accumulating that outright internal discord makes a party much less attractive to voters …

In marketing efforts, messages are commonly tailored to audiences to ensure effective
outcomes. One way to tailor messages consists in providing arguments that appeal to the …

Local context has been shown to influence political attitudes and behaviors. We extend this
research to argue that when a party performs better in a voter's region or the region is more …

Political parties frequently appeal broadly to different groups of voters with diverse
preferences. However, the policy implications of this strategy are not yet understood. On the …

Recent research has shown that political actors strategically conceal their ideological
position and gain electoral benefits by presenting themselves as if they were closer to the …