Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and
improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also …

The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that is inhabited by bacteria, archaea, fungi
and viruses. These microbes—collectively referred to as the skin microbiota—are …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious
disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its …

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes> 1.5 million deaths worldwide annually.
Innate immune cells are the first to encounter M. tuberculosis, and their response dictates …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the greatest threats to human health. The causative
bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is acquired by the respiratory route. It is …

Contact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) with the immune system requires interactions
between microbial surface molecules and host pattern recognition receptors. Major M. tb …

Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. This bacterium has an unusual lipid-rich …

Macrophages play an essential role in the immune system by ingesting and degrading
invading pathogens, initiating an inflammatory response and instructing adaptive immune …

The rice Xa21 gene confers immunity to most strains of the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae
pv. oryzae (Xoo). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of biologically …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the primary causative agent of human tuberculosis, has
killed more people than any other bacterial pathogen in human history and remains one of …