The current neurosurgical goal for patients with malignant gliomas is maximal safe resection
of the contrast-enhancing tumor. However, a complete resection of the contrast-enhancing …

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) allows surgeons to have improved visualization of
tumor tissue in the operating room, enabling maximal safe resection of malignant brain …

BACKGROUND: 5-Aminolevulinic acid is used for fluorescence-guided resections. During
resection, different macroscopic fluorescence qualities (“strong,”“weak”) can be …

Object Accurate discrimination between tumor and normal tissue is crucial for optimal tumor
resection. Qualitative fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), synthesized endogenously …

OBJECT Previous studies in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) have indicated that protoporphyrin
IX (PpIX) accumulates in higher concentrations in tumor tissue, and, when used to guide …

As clinical nanomedicine has emerged over the past two decades, phototherapeutic
advancements using nanotechnology have also evolved and impacted disease …

Object Greater extent of resection (EOR) for patients with low-grade glioma (LGG)
corresponds with improved clinical outcome, yet remains a central challenge to the …

Purpose: Despite the use of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), maximum safe resection of
glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains a major challenge. It has restricted surgeons …

Introduction Fluorescence-guided surgery is one of the rapidly emerging methods of surgical
“theranostics.” In this review, we summarize current fluorescence techniques used in …

Background Intraoperative identification of anaplastic foci in diffusely infiltrating gliomas
(DIG) with non-significant contrast-enhancement on MRI is indispensible to avoid …