Many studies have been devoted to the way electoral institutions shape the representative
process in general, and of the relation between legislators and their local constituency. Yet …

This paper aims at estimating the impact of the cumul des mandats on the votes of
incumbents in the 1997 French legislative elections. The model specifies the behavior of …

This article addresses a curiously neglected question, namely why do the vast majority of
Finnish MPs—one of the highest levels in the world—hold a seat on the municipal council …

Multiple-mandate holding, ie, the holding of more than one directly elected mandate
simultaneously on different government tiers, is a controversial practice with potential …

Edited by a new team on leading authorities of French politics' Developments in French
Politics 3'brings together specially written chapters by leading French and Anglo-American …

It has often been noted that French politicians frequently hold local and national offices
concurrently (the cumul des mandats). Traditionally, this phenomenon is explained by the …

Poland introduced the direct election of mayors relatively recently, in 2002. Nevertheless,
there has already been four elections under that system. To use terminology introduced by …

Despite 'parity', various factors have contributed to the low proportion of women within the
National Assembly. Men and women are still following different career paths to national …

Traditionally, scholars have assumed that multiple office-holding (ie the combination of a
local and national directly elected political mandate) leads to an enhanced electoral …

This article deals with multiple-office holdings by legislators in the Czech Republic during
the VI. Chamber of Deputies, 2010–2013. First, both positive and negative theoretical …