Recurrent implantation failure refers to failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after transfer of
at least four good-quality embryos in a minimum of three fresh or frozen cycles in a woman …

BACKGROUND In natural conception only a few sperm cells reach the ampulla or the site of
fertilization. This population is a selected group of cells since only motile cells can pass …

Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is determined when embryos of good quality fail to
implant following several in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycles. Implantation failure is …

Successful embryo implantation depends on a well-functioning endometrium as well as a
normal healthy embryo. This process might be hampered if either of these variables is …

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) utilize sperm sorting methods to select viable
sperm from the semen samples. Conventional sperm sorting techniques in current use are …

Sperm selection is essential to assisted reproductive technology (ART), influencing
treatment outcomes and the health of offspring. The fundamental challenge of sperm …

Background Subfertility is a condition found in up to 15% of couples of reproductive age.
Gamete micromanipulation, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), is very useful for …

BACKGROUND Current routine semen preparation techniques do not inclusively target all
intrinsic sperm characteristics that may impact the fertilization potential. In order to address …

For assisted reproduction technologies (ART), numerous techniques were developed to
isolate spermatozoa capable of fertilizing oocytes. While early methodologies only focused …

For years, the management and treatment of male factor infertility has been 'experience'and
not 'evidence'based. Although not evidence-based, current clinical practice involves …