Understanding the factors that determine the rate at which genomes generate and fix
mutations provides important insights into key evolutionary mechanisms. We review our …

▪ Abstract Populations of plant viruses, like all other living beings, are genetically
heterogeneous, a property long recognized in plant virology. Only recently have the …

Housed worldwide, mostly in museums and herbaria, is a vast collection of biological
specimens developed over centuries. These biological collections, and associated …

Plant specimens stored in herbaria are being used as never before to document the impacts
of global change on humans and nature. However, published statistics on the use of …

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a species of the genus Potyvirus, occurs worldwide. Seventy-six
isolates of TuMV were collected from around the world, mostly from Brassica and Raphanus …

The ubiquity of mechanisms that generate genetic variation has spurred arguments that
evolvability, the ability to generate adaptive variation, has itself evolved in response to …

Hummingbirds have developed a wealth of intriguing features, such as backwards flight,
ultraviolet vision, extremely high metabolic rates, nocturnal hibernation, high brain-to-body …

Over the last 15 years, interest in plant virus evolution has re-emerged, as shown by the
increasing number of papers published on this subject. In recent times, research in plant …

SUMMARY A biological attack on US crops, rangelands, or forests could reduce yield and
quality, erode consumer confidence, affect economic health and the environment, and …

Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses are major pathogens of the important crop cassava in
Africa. The intensive sampling and sequencing of cassava mosaic disease-causing viruses …