Quantifying exhaust gas composition and temperature in vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs) is crucial to understanding and reducing emissions during transient engine …
A novel, mid-infrared laser-absorption sensor was developed for measurements of biofuel blend (E85) vapor in the intake runner of a single-cylinder internal combustion engine. The …
JW Stiborek, NJ Kempema, CJ Schwartz… - … International Journal of …, 2024 - sae.org
Measurements of air–fuel ratio (AFR) and λ (AFRactual/AFRstoich) are crucial for understanding internal combustion engine (ICE) performance. However, current λ sensors …