Two noteworthy events associated to the physics of thermal sensors were demonstrated and
announced in 1821, exactly two hundred years ago. The first event was the Seebeck effect …

This paper presents an extensive review of the main highlights in the Temperature-to-Digital
Converters (TDCs) field, which has gained importance and research interest throughout the …

This article presents a MOS-based ON-chip temperature sensor system addressing both
high-resolution and low-inaccuracy requirement, red while requiring a single temperature …

This paper presents a NPN-based Temperature-to-Digital Converter (TDC) designed for
thermal drift compensation of MEMS devices. The circuit, featuring a fully current-mode …

This article presents a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based CMOS temperature-to-
frequency converter (TFC). A relaxation oscillator (ROSC) consisting of an integrating …

This review paper categorizes the state-of-the-art MOS (metal oxide semiconductor)-based
temperature sensors according to their thermal sensing principles, including: type I, the …

This paper presents a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based CMOS temperature sensor for
high accuracy, small-scale area, and low power consumption. A structure with a feedback …

This article presents a CMOS temperature sensor that achieves both state-of-the-art energy
efficiency and accuracy. An NPN-based front end uses two resistors to efficiently generate a …

This brief presents a self-referenced resistor-based temperature sensor that requires no
external clock. The sensing element uses the low-noise swing-boosted RC oscillators …

This study investigates variations in quantum well (QW) width and the influence of
temperature on the electrical behavior of quantum well heterojunction bipolar transistors …