Human fear conditioning research since Watson's case study on “Little Albert” has vastly
evolved and its impact today is reaching far beyond phobic anxiety. This review focuses on …

Stress and pain are interleaved at multiple levels-interacting and influencing each other.
Both are modulated by psychosocial factors including fears, beliefs, and goals, and are …

The idea that physicians have a duty to relieve human suffering dates back to antiquity.
However, the notion that suffering can be quantified and monitored as a pain level is a much …

Highlights•We reviewed recent developments in the fear of movement-related pain and
avoidance.•Learning is key to acquisition, generalization, and extinction of pain-related …

Beliefs and expectations often persist despite evidence to the contrary. Here we examine
two potential mechanisms underlying such 'self-reinforcing'expectancy effects in the pain …

Pain is a biologically relevant signal and response to bodily threat, associated with the urge
to restore the integrity of the body. Immediate protective responses include increased …

Research into complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has made significant progress. First,
there was the implementation of the official IASP “Budapest” diagnostic criteria. It would be …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience urging the individual to take action
to restore the integrity of the body. The transition from a common episode of acute pain to a …

The fear avoidance model (FAM) represents a cognitive–behavioral explanatory approach
for pain chronification. The core assumption is that fear of pain (FOP) following an acute pain …

Prominent clinical models of chronic pain propose a fundamental role of classical
conditioning in the development of pain-related disability. If classical conditioning is key to …