Two decades of cross-species neuroscience research on rapid action-stopping in the
laboratory has provided motivation for an underlying prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit. Here …

Unexpected events are part of everyday experience. They come in several varieties—action
errors, unexpected action outcomes, and unexpected perceptual events—and they lead to …

Classically, the basal ganglia have been considered to have a role in producing habitual
and goal-directed behaviours. In this article, we review recent evidence that expands this …

In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

Executive functions (EFs)—the higher level cognitive abilities that enable us to control our
own thoughts and actions—continue to develop into early adulthood, yet no longitudinal …

A better understanding of the neural systems underlying impulse control is important for
psychiatry. Although most impulses are motivational or emotional rather than motoric per se …

Response inhibition is a hallmark of executive control. The concept refers to the suppression
of actions that are no longer required or that are inappropriate, which supports flexible and …

Suppressing an already initiated manual response depends critically on the right inferior
frontal cortex (IFC), yet it is unclear how this inhibitory function is implemented in the motor …

The concept of “inhibition” is widely used in synaptic, circuit, and systems neuroscience,
where it has a clear meaning because it is clearly observable. The concept is also …

Neural mechanisms of cognitive control enable us to initiate, coordinate and update
behaviour. Central to successful control is the ability to suppress actions that are no longer …