Pain and its alleviation are currently a highly studied issue in human health. Research on
pain and response to analgesia has evolved to include the effects of genetics, heritability …

Facial expression is widely used as a measure of pain in infants; whether nonhuman
animals display such pain expressions has never been systematically assessed. We …

Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, Fourth Edition provides a basic guide to anaesthesia for a
very diverse audience needing content, with straight-forward, structured style of writing …

The surgical stress response and resulting physiologic changes can lead to postoperative
complications and negatively impact animal welfare. Although appropriate pain …

Postoperative pain management in animals is complicated greatly by the inability to
recognize pain. As a result, the choice of analgesics and their doses has been based on …

Background Current behaviour-based pain assessments for laboratory rodents have
significant limitations. Assessment of facial expression changes, as a novel means of pain …

Background Inflammation is thought to be a major contributor to post‐surgical pain, so non‐
steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID s) are commonly used analgesics. However …

Current use of analgesics to control procedure-related pain in laboratory rodents is
unacceptably low. Almost all currently available analgesics were developed in small …

The understanding and recognition of pain in laboratory rats and mice has advanced
considerably in recent times. However, there is evidence that despite these advances …

Prevention or alleviation of pain in laboratory mice is a fundamental requirement of in vivo
research. The mouse grimace scale (MGS) has the potential to be an effective and rapid …