Mitosis requires extensive rearrangement of cellular architecture and of subcellular
structures so that replicated chromosomes can bind correctly to spindle microtubules and …

Clinical trials using adult stem cells to regenerate damaged heart tissue continue to this
day,, despite ongoing questions of efficacy and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the …

The master cytokine TGF-β mediates tissue fibrosis associated with inflammation and tissue
injury. TGF-β induces fibroblast activation and differentiation into myofibroblasts that secrete …

Reversible protein phosphorylation is central to a variety of cardiac processes including
excitation-contraction coupling, Ca 2+ handling, cell metabolism, myofilament regulation …

The regulation of muscle contraction is a critical function in the cardiovascular system, and
abnormalities may be life-threatening or cause illness. The common basic mechanism in …

Rationale: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling regulates the growth
response of the adult myocardium in response to increased cardiac workload or …

Decades of cardiovascular research have shown that variable and flexible levels of protein
phosphorylation are necessary to maintain cardiac function. A delicate balance between …

Abstract Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalyzes more than half of all phosphoserine/
threonine dephosphorylation reactions in mammalian cells. In vivo PP1 does not exist as a …

Background Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis is a key pathomechanism in heart failure.
CaMKII‐dependent hyperphosphorylation of ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic …

The amount and timing of Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during
cardiac cycle are the main determinants of cardiac contractility. Reversible phosphorylation …