Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem. The
immunopathology of the disease, especially the interplay between HBV and host innate …

At the end of December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic began in Wuhan of China. COVID-
19 affects different people with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. HBV is not
directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from …

It has been demonstrated that vitamin D (VD) significantly modulates immune responses.
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are the main innate immunity receptors which are expressed on …

Innate immunity consists of several kinds of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which
participate in the recognition of pathogens and consequently activation of innate immune …

Immune system plays dual roles during human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, from
defense against the virus to induction or stimulation of the HPV-related cancers. It appears …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver caused by infection
with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which in later stages can lead to the development of end …

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an intracellular bacterium leading to several complications in
humans. M. pneumoniae is cleared in some cases and induces complications in others. The …

We previously reported that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-CpG oligonucleotides could inhibit
the establishment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in hepatocytes. Our aim was to …

Aging is associated with a range of chronic low-grade inflammation (Chronoinflammaging)
which may play a significant role in some chronic inflammatory based diseases, such as …