Iatrogenic medial patellar instability is a specific condition that frequently causes
incapacitating anterior knee pain, severe disability, and serious psychological problems …

Background: The lateral patellofemoral complex (LPFC) is an important stabilizer of the
patella composed of the lateral retinacular structures including the lateral patellofemoral …

Background: Medial instability of the patellofemoral joint is a rare but known phenomenon
that may result from an incompetent lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL). Surgical …

Background: The tibial tubercle to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is used for screening
patients with a variety of patellofemoral joint disorders to determine who may benefit from …

Background: The importance of maintaining lateral patellar stabilizing structures has been
demonstrated by the presence of iatrogenic medial patellar instability after lateral retinacular …

Isolated medial patellar subluxation (MPS), in the absence of a previous lateral retinacular
release, is a poorly recognized clinical condition characterized by chronic anterior knee pain …

Ten human gracilis muscles obtained from adults and ten gracilis muscles collected from
human foetuses between the 15th and 21st week of gestation were examined. The results of …

Medial patellar subluxation is a poorly recognized clinical condition characterized by chronic
anterior knee pain that is exacerbated with knee flexion. Additional symptoms include …

With the exponential increase in the arthroscopic treatment of medial patellar instability
through lateral sided “capsular” releases, the iatrogenic upsurge of lateral patellar …

Patients with bidirectional patellar instability who are unresponsive to conservative
management may benefit from a medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and …