Morphometrics, the field of biological shape analysis, has undergone major change in
recent years. Most of this change has been due to the development and adoption of …

The first edition of Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists has been the primary resource for
teaching modern geometric methods of shape analysis to biologists who have a stronger …

Geometric morphometrics is the statistical analysis of form based on Cartesian landmark
coordinates. After separating shape from overall size, position, and orientation of the …

Quantifying integration and modularity of evolutionary changes in morphometric traits is
crucial for understanding how organismal shapes evolve. For this purpose, comparative …

Identifying the modular components of a configuration of landmarks is an important task of
morphometric analyses in evolutionary developmental biology. Modules are integrated …

A glimpse into modern paleoanthropology In the last decades, paleoanthropology has been
deeply modified, changing from a descriptive and historical science to a more quantitative …

Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

It is well known that the human skull achieves adult size through a superior–inferior gradient
of maturation. Because the basicranium matures in size before the face, it has been …

Patterns of morphological integration and modularity among shape features emerge from
genetic and developmental factors with varying pleiotropic effects. Factors or processes …

Compared to our closest living and extinct relatives, humans have a large, specialized, and
complex brain embedded in a uniquely shaped braincase. Here, we quantitatively compare …