Exposure to hostile conditions initiates responses organized to enhance the probability of
survival. These coordinated responses, known as stress responses, are composed of …

Measuring anxiety-like behaviour in mice has been mostly undertaken using a few classical
animal models of anxiety such as the elevated plus-maze, the light/dark choice or the open …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent group of psychiatric diseases, and have high
personal and societal costs. The search for novel pharmacological treatments for these …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the central nervous system is a major regulator of food
consumption and energy homeostasis. It also regulates blood pressure, induces anxiolysis …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with orexigenic actions in
discrete hypothalamic nuclei that plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis. NPY …

Background & Aims: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a 36–amino acid hormone produced by
F cells within the pancreatic islets and the exocrine pancreas. The definitive function of PP in …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide that exhibits a large number of
physiological activities in the central and peripheral nervous systems. NPY mediates its …

The way genetic and/or environmental factors influence psychiatric disorders is an enduring
question in the field of human psychiatric diseases. Anxiety-related disorders provide a …

▪ Abstract Anxiety and its disorders have long been known to be familial. Recently, genetic
approaches have been used to clarify the role of heredity in the development of anxiety and …