Some researchers of studies of the incidence of early visual experience on spatial abilities
have demonstrated profound spatial deficits in early blind participants, whereas others have …

Spatial navigation in the absence of vision has been investigated from a variety of
perspectives and disciplines. These different approaches have progressed our …

The metaphor of a" cognitive map" has attracted wide interest since it was first proposed in
the late 1940s. Researchers from fields as diverse as psychology, geography, and urban …

Blindfolded sighted, adventitiously blind, and congenitally blind subjects performed a set of
navigation tasks. The more complex tasks involved spatial inference and included retracing …

In this book, Dr. Warren summarizes and interprets the research literature on infants and
children with visual impairments. He concludes that many aspects of delayed development …

Traditionally, geography has paid relatively little attention to disabled or disadvantaged
populations. As society has concerned itself more with problems of dealing with the blind …

In a wayfinding experiment a group of 15 congenitally totally blind subjects and a matched
control group of 15 sighted subjects were guided through a complex architectural setting …

For most sighted people, navigating from place to place is a fundamental component of daily
life, performed without much conscious thought or active attention (Merleau-Ponty 1962). If …

Blindness often results in the adaptive neural reorganization of the remaining modalities,
producing sharper auditory and haptic behavioral performance. Yet, non-visual modalities …

Pedestrian route choice, the process by which individuals decide on their walking path
between two locations, is a fundamental problem across disciplines. Because this behaviour …