Learning and interpreting the structure of the environment is an innate feature of biological
systems, and is integral to guiding flexible behaviors for evolutionary viability. The concept of …

It is proposed that a cognitive map encoding the relationships between entities in the world
supports flexible behavior, but the majority of the neural evidence for such a system comes …

The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of
investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review …

Humans and animals use mental representations of the spatial structure of the world to
navigate. The classical view is that these representations take the form of Euclidean …

BACKGROUND Ever since Edward Tolman's proposal that comprehensive cognitive maps
underlie spatial navigation and, more generally, psychological functions, the question of …

Increasing evidence suggests that mental health and physical health are linked by neural
systems that jointly regulate somatic physiology and high-level cognition. Key systems …

Over the past 20 years, neuroscience research on reward-based learning has converged on
a canonical model, under which the neurotransmitter dopamine 'stamps in'associations …

The frontal lobes are important for cognitive control, yet their functional organization remains
controversial. An influential class of theory proposes that the frontal lobes are organized …

Arguably, the most difficult part of learning is deciding what to learn about. Should I
associate the positive outcome of safely completing a street-crossing with the situation 'the …

Goals play a central role in human cognition. However, computational theories of learning
and decision-making often take goals as given. Here, we review key empirical findings …