In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for
visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains …

The importance of landscape and heritage recording and documentation with optical remote
sensing sensors is well recognized at international level. The continuous development of …

Within the planning process, there is a recent trend to engage with stakeholders.
Traditionally, visualisation media such as plans, sections, and physical models have been …

In a world in which the pace of cities is increasing, prompt access to relevant information is
crucial to the understanding and regulation of land use and its evolution in time. In spite of …

One of the most significant consequences of the introduction of digital 3D modeling in the
Cultural Heritage field is the possibility to use 3D models as highly effective and intuitive …

There has been a great deal of research about errors in geographic information and how
they affect spatial analyses. A typical GIS process introduces various types of errors at …

The tremendous improvements in data capturing technologies and in the related processing
methodologies are opening more and more possibilities in different fields of applications. In …

Abstract 3D city models are characterised by the level of detail (LOD), which indicates their
spatio-semantic complexity. Modelling data in finer LODs results in visually appealing …

The main goal of the paper is to make a general assessment of the application of 3D
technologies in spatial planning. It was performed with the city of Krakow as the case study …

Abstract 3D standards have been developed throughout the years for many different
purposes: visualisation (fast and realistic), data management (efficient storage), modelling …